The Adaptation of Criminal Law in Addressing Transnational Organized Crime: Implementation of UNTOC at the National Level
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Abstract
This study examines the implementation challenges of the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) at the national level, with a focus on legal harmonization, law enforcement capacity, and international cooperation. It aims to evaluate the effectiveness of UNTOC as an international legal instrument and its application across diverse national legal systems. Using a qualitative normative approach, it analyzes legal documents, academic literature, and international reports, with case studies from Indonesia, Italy, Canada, and Germany. The findings reveal that, despite its comprehensive framework, UNTOC’s implementation remains inconsistent due to fragmented domestic legislation, limited institutional capacity, and inadequate cross-border cooperation. These challenges undermine collective efforts to effectively combat transnational organized crime. The value of this manuscript lies in its integrative analysis that bridges the gap between legal theory and practice, offering insights into how national legal reforms, strengthened law enforcement, and enhanced international collaboration can improve global responses to organized crime. This study contributes to the discourse on international criminal law by emphasizing the need for a more coordinated and holistic approach to implementing international legal standards at the domestic level.
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References
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